FIX: FXAA, bloom

Readme.md

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
 # CopernicusEngine
 Multipurpose Vulkan render engine specialized for physics simulation and solar system visualization
 
+![](vk.png)
+
 ## Introduction
 Work-In-Progress Vulkan render engine
 Current structure:
 - Flexible render graph system with multiple render passes, Hot reloading
 - Deferred rendering
 - PBR, cascaded shadows, normal mapping (MikkTSpace tangents optional)
-- GLTF loading and rendering, primitive creation and rendering.
+- GLTF loading and rendering, primitive creation and rendering
 - Supports texture compression(BCn, non glTF standard), LRU reload
-- Object clicking, generation.
+- Runtime object clicking, generation, movement
 - Multi light system
 - SSR
+- FXAA
+- Bloom
 
 Work-In-Progress
-- [ ] AA
+- [ ] Floating origin with double precision coordinate system
-- [ ] bloom
 - [ ] Planet Rendering
 
 ## Build prequsites

shaders/fxaa.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 inUV;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D uColor;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform Push
+{
+    float inverse_width;
+    float inverse_height;
+    float edge_threshold;
+    float edge_threshold_min;
+} pc;
+
+float luma(vec3 c)
+{
+    return dot(c, vec3(0.299, 0.587, 0.114));
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    vec2 texel = vec2(pc.inverse_width, pc.inverse_height);
+
+    vec3 cM = texture(uColor, inUV).rgb;
+    vec3 cN = texture(uColor, inUV + vec2(0.0,  texel.y)).rgb;
+    vec3 cS = texture(uColor, inUV + vec2(0.0, -texel.y)).rgb;
+    vec3 cE = texture(uColor, inUV + vec2( texel.x, 0.0)).rgb;
+    vec3 cW = texture(uColor, inUV + vec2(-texel.x, 0.0)).rgb;
+
+    float lM = luma(cM);
+    float lN = luma(cN);
+    float lS = luma(cS);
+    float lE = luma(cE);
+    float lW = luma(cW);
+
+    float lMin = min(lM, min(min(lN, lS), min(lE, lW)));
+    float lMax = max(lM, max(max(lN, lS), max(lE, lW)));
+    float lRange = lMax - lMin;
+
+    float threshold = max(pc.edge_threshold_min, pc.edge_threshold * lMax);
+    if (lRange < threshold)
+    {
+        outColor = vec4(cM, 1.0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Simple 5-tap cross blur when we detect an edge.
+    vec3 avg = (cM + cN + cS + cE + cW) * 0.2;
+    outColor = vec4(avg, 1.0);
+}
+

shaders/tonemap.frag

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ layout(push_constant) uniform Push
 {
     float exposure;
     int   mode;
+    int   bloomEnabled;
+    float bloomThreshold;
+    float bloomIntensity;
 } pc;
 
 vec3 reinhard(vec3 x)
@@ -32,6 +35,34 @@ void main()
 {
     vec3 hdr = texture(uHdr, inUV).rgb;
 
+    // Simple bloom in HDR space: gather bright neighbors and add a small blurred contribution.
+    if (pc.bloomEnabled != 0)
+    {
+        vec2 texel = 1.0 / vec2(textureSize(uHdr, 0));
+        vec3 bloom = vec3(0.0);
+        int radius = 2;
+        int count = 0;
+        for (int x = -radius; x <= radius; ++x)
+        {
+            for (int y = -radius; y <= radius; ++y)
+            {
+                vec2 offset = vec2(x, y) * texel;
+                vec3 c = texture(uHdr, clamp(inUV + offset, vec2(0.0), vec2(1.0))).rgb;
+                float bright = max(max(c.r, c.g), c.b) - pc.bloomThreshold;
+                if (bright > 0.0)
+                {
+                    bloom += c * bright;
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (count > 0)
+        {
+            bloom /= float(count);
+        }
+        hdr += pc.bloomIntensity * bloom;
+    }
+
     // Simple exposure
     float exposure = max(pc.exposure, 0.0001);
     vec3 mapped = hdr * exposure;

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ add_executable (vulkan_engine
   render/passes/lighting.cpp
   render/passes/shadow.h
   render/passes/shadow.cpp
+  render/passes/fxaa.h
+  render/passes/fxaa.cpp
   render/passes/ssr.h
   render/passes/ssr.cpp
   render/passes/transparent.h

src/core/engine.cpp

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include "render/passes/imgui_pass.h"
 #include "render/passes/lighting.h"
 #include "render/passes/transparent.h"
+#include "render/passes/fxaa.h"
 #include "render/passes/tonemap.h"
 #include "render/passes/shadow.h"
 #include "device/resource.h"
@@ -848,6 +849,12 @@ void VulkanEngine::draw()
             {
                 RGImageHandle hdrInput = (ssrEnabled && hSSR.valid()) ? hSSR : hDraw;
                 finalColor = tonemap->register_graph(_renderGraph.get(), hdrInput);
+
+                // Optional FXAA pass: runs on LDR tonemapped output.
+                if (auto *fxaa = _renderPassManager->getPass<FxaaPass>())
+                {
+                    finalColor = fxaa->register_graph(_renderGraph.get(), finalColor);
+                }
             }
             else
             {

src/core/engine_ui.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "render/primitives.h"
 #include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
 #include "render/passes/tonemap.h"
+#include "render/passes/fxaa.h"
 #include "render/passes/background.h"
 #include <glm/gtx/euler_angles.hpp>
 #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
@@ -147,6 +148,30 @@ namespace
             "5x5 spheres: metallic across columns, roughness across rows.\nExtra: chrome + glass.");
 
         ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // Post-processing: FXAA
+        if (auto *fx = eng->_renderPassManager ? eng->_renderPassManager->getPass<FxaaPass>() : nullptr)
+        {
+            bool fxaaEnabled = fx->enabled();
+            if (ImGui::Checkbox("FXAA", &fxaaEnabled))
+            {
+                fx->set_enabled(fxaaEnabled);
+            }
+            float edgeTh = fx->edge_threshold();
+            if (ImGui::SliderFloat("FXAA Edge Threshold", &edgeTh, 0.01f, 0.5f))
+            {
+                fx->set_edge_threshold(edgeTh);
+            }
+            float edgeThMin = fx->edge_threshold_min();
+            if (ImGui::SliderFloat("FXAA Edge Threshold Min", &edgeThMin, 0.0f, 0.1f))
+            {
+                fx->set_edge_threshold_min(edgeThMin);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("FXAA pass not available");
+        }
         ImGui::TextUnformatted("IBL Volumes (reflection probes)");
 
         if (!eng->_iblManager)
@@ -740,6 +765,23 @@ namespace
                 mode = 1;
                 tm->setMode(mode);
             }
+
+            // Bloom controls
+            bool bloomEnabled = tm->bloomEnabled();
+            if (ImGui::Checkbox("Bloom", &bloomEnabled))
+            {
+                tm->setBloomEnabled(bloomEnabled);
+            }
+            float bloomThreshold = tm->bloomThreshold();
+            if (ImGui::SliderFloat("Bloom Threshold", &bloomThreshold, 0.0f, 5.0f))
+            {
+                tm->setBloomThreshold(bloomThreshold);
+            }
+            float bloomIntensity = tm->bloomIntensity();
+            if (ImGui::SliderFloat("Bloom Intensity", &bloomIntensity, 0.0f, 2.0f))
+            {
+                tm->setBloomIntensity(bloomIntensity);
+            }
         }
         else
         {

src/render/passes/fxaa.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#include "fxaa.h"
+
+#include <core/context.h>
+#include <core/descriptor/descriptors.h>
+#include <core/descriptor/manager.h>
+#include <core/pipeline/manager.h>
+#include <core/assets/manager.h>
+#include <core/device/device.h>
+#include <core/device/resource.h>
+#include <core/pipeline/sampler.h>
+#include <render/graph/graph.h>
+#include <render/graph/resources.h>
+
+#include "core/frame/resources.h"
+
+void FxaaPass::init(EngineContext *context)
+{
+    _context = context;
+    if (!_context || !_context->getDevice() || !_context->getDescriptorLayouts() || !_context->pipelines)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    _inputSetLayout = _context->getDescriptorLayouts()->singleImageLayout();
+
+    GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo info{};
+    info.vertexShaderPath = _context->getAssets()->shaderPath("fullscreen.vert.spv");
+    info.fragmentShaderPath = _context->getAssets()->shaderPath("fxaa.frag.spv");
+    info.setLayouts = { _inputSetLayout };
+
+    VkPushConstantRange pcr{};
+    pcr.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
+    pcr.offset = 0;
+    pcr.size = sizeof(FxaaPush);
+    info.pushConstants = { pcr };
+
+    info.configure = [this](PipelineBuilder &b) {
+        b.set_input_topology(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST);
+        b.set_polygon_mode(VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL);
+        b.set_cull_mode(VK_CULL_MODE_NONE, VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE);
+        b.set_multisampling_none();
+        b.disable_depthtest();
+        b.disable_blending();
+        b.set_color_attachment_format(VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM);
+    };
+
+    _context->pipelines->createGraphicsPipeline("fxaa", info);
+}
+
+void FxaaPass::cleanup()
+{
+    _deletionQueue.flush();
+}
+
+void FxaaPass::execute(VkCommandBuffer)
+{
+    // Executed via render graph.
+}
+
+RGImageHandle FxaaPass::register_graph(RenderGraph *graph, RGImageHandle ldrInput)
+{
+    if (!graph || !ldrInput.valid() || !_context)
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    // If disabled, simply bypass and return the input image.
+    if (!_enabled)
+    {
+        return ldrInput;
+    }
+
+    RGImageDesc desc{};
+    desc.name = "ldr.fxaa";
+    desc.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+    desc.extent = _context->getDrawExtent();
+    desc.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT
+                 | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT
+                 | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+    RGImageHandle aaOutput = graph->create_image(desc);
+
+    graph->add_pass(
+        "FXAA",
+        RGPassType::Graphics,
+        [ldrInput, aaOutput](RGPassBuilder &builder, EngineContext *) {
+            builder.read(ldrInput, RGImageUsage::SampledFragment);
+            builder.write_color(aaOutput, true /*clear*/);
+        },
+        [this, ldrInput](VkCommandBuffer cmd, const RGPassResources &res, EngineContext *ctx) {
+            draw_fxaa(cmd, ctx, res, ldrInput);
+        });
+
+    return aaOutput;
+}
+
+void FxaaPass::draw_fxaa(VkCommandBuffer cmd, EngineContext *ctx, const RGPassResources &res,
+                         RGImageHandle ldrInput)
+{
+    if (!ctx || !ctx->currentFrame) return;
+    DeviceManager *deviceManager = ctx->getDevice();
+    DescriptorManager *descriptorLayouts = ctx->getDescriptorLayouts();
+    PipelineManager *pipelineManager = ctx->pipelines;
+    if (!deviceManager || !descriptorLayouts || !pipelineManager) return;
+
+    VkImageView srcView = res.image_view(ldrInput);
+    if (srcView == VK_NULL_HANDLE) return;
+
+    VkDevice device = deviceManager->device();
+
+    VkDescriptorSet set = ctx->currentFrame->_frameDescriptors.allocate(device, _inputSetLayout);
+    DescriptorWriter writer;
+    writer.write_image(0, srcView, ctx->getSamplers()->defaultLinear(),
+                       VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER);
+    writer.update_set(device, set);
+
+    VkPipeline pipeline{};
+    VkPipelineLayout layout{};
+    if (!pipelineManager->getGraphics("fxaa", pipeline, layout))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
+    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, 1, &set, 0, nullptr);
+
+    VkExtent2D extent = ctx->getDrawExtent();
+
+    FxaaPush push{};
+    push.inverse_width = extent.width > 0 ? 1.0f / static_cast<float>(extent.width) : 0.0f;
+    push.inverse_height = extent.height > 0 ? 1.0f / static_cast<float>(extent.height) : 0.0f;
+    push.edge_threshold = _edge_threshold;
+    push.edge_threshold_min = _edge_threshold_min;
+    vkCmdPushConstants(cmd, layout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 0, sizeof(FxaaPush), &push);
+
+    VkViewport vp{0.f, 0.f, static_cast<float>(extent.width), static_cast<float>(extent.height), 0.f, 1.f};
+    VkRect2D sc{{0, 0}, extent};
+    vkCmdSetViewport(cmd, 0, 1, &vp);
+    vkCmdSetScissor(cmd, 0, 1, &sc);
+    vkCmdDraw(cmd, 3, 1, 0, 0);
+}

src/render/passes/fxaa.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <core/types.h>
+#include <render/renderpass.h>
+#include <render/graph/types.h>
+
+class EngineContext;
+class RenderGraph;
+class RGPassResources;
+
+// Simple post-process anti-aliasing pass (FXAA-like).
+// Operates on the LDR tonemapped image and outputs a smoothed LDR image.
+class FxaaPass final : public IRenderPass
+{
+public:
+    void init(EngineContext *context) override;
+    void cleanup() override;
+    void execute(VkCommandBuffer) override; // Not used directly; executed via render graph
+    const char *getName() const override { return "FXAA"; }
+
+    // Register pass in the render graph. Returns the AA output image handle.
+    RGImageHandle register_graph(RenderGraph *graph, RGImageHandle ldrInput);
+
+    // Runtime parameters
+    void set_enabled(bool e) { _enabled = e; }
+    bool enabled() const { return _enabled; }
+    void set_edge_threshold(float v) { _edge_threshold = v; }
+    float edge_threshold() const { return _edge_threshold; }
+    void set_edge_threshold_min(float v) { _edge_threshold_min = v; }
+    float edge_threshold_min() const { return _edge_threshold_min; }
+
+private:
+    struct FxaaPush
+    {
+        float inverse_width;
+        float inverse_height;
+        float edge_threshold;
+        float edge_threshold_min;
+    };
+
+    void draw_fxaa(VkCommandBuffer cmd, EngineContext *ctx, const RGPassResources &res,
+                   RGImageHandle ldrInput);
+
+    EngineContext *_context = nullptr;
+
+    VkPipeline _pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkPipelineLayout _pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkDescriptorSetLayout _inputSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    // Tunables for edge detection; chosen to be conservative by default.
+    bool _enabled = true;
+    float _edge_threshold = 0.125f;
+    float _edge_threshold_min = 0.0312f;
+
+    DeletionQueue _deletionQueue;
+};

src/render/passes/tonemap.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ struct TonemapPush
 {
     float exposure;
     int mode;
+    int bloomEnabled;
+    float bloomThreshold;
+    float bloomIntensity;
 };
 
 void TonemapPass::init(EngineContext *context)
@@ -72,7 +75,9 @@ RGImageHandle TonemapPass::register_graph(RenderGraph *graph, RGImageHandle hdrI
     desc.name = "ldr.tonemap";
     desc.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
     desc.extent = _context->getDrawExtent();
-    desc.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+    desc.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT
+                 | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT
+                 | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
     RGImageHandle ldr = graph->create_image(desc);
 
     graph->add_pass(
@@ -109,7 +114,12 @@ void TonemapPass::draw_tonemap(VkCommandBuffer cmd, EngineContext *ctx, const RG
     vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, _pipeline);
     vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, _pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &set, 0, nullptr);
 
-    TonemapPush push{_exposure, _mode};
+    TonemapPush push{};
+    push.exposure = _exposure;
+    push.mode = _mode;
+    push.bloomEnabled = _bloomEnabled ? 1 : 0;
+    push.bloomThreshold = _bloomThreshold;
+    push.bloomIntensity = _bloomIntensity;
     vkCmdPushConstants(cmd, _pipelineLayout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 0, sizeof(TonemapPush), &push);
 
     VkExtent2D extent = ctx->getDrawExtent();

src/render/passes/tonemap.h

@@ -25,6 +25,13 @@ public:
     void setMode(int m) { _mode = m; }
     int mode() const { return _mode; }
 
+    void setBloomEnabled(bool b) { _bloomEnabled = b; }
+    bool bloomEnabled() const { return _bloomEnabled; }
+    void setBloomThreshold(float t) { _bloomThreshold = t; }
+    float bloomThreshold() const { return _bloomThreshold; }
+    void setBloomIntensity(float i) { _bloomIntensity = i; }
+    float bloomIntensity() const { return _bloomIntensity; }
+
 private:
     void draw_tonemap(VkCommandBuffer cmd, EngineContext *ctx, const RGPassResources &res,
                       RGImageHandle hdrInput);
@@ -38,6 +45,10 @@ private:
     float _exposure = 1.0f;
     int _mode = 1; // default to ACES
 
+    bool _bloomEnabled = true;
+    float _bloomThreshold = 1.0f;
+    float _bloomIntensity = 0.7f;
+
     DeletionQueue _deletionQueue;
 };
 

src/render/renderpass.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "passes/imgui_pass.h"
 #include "passes/lighting.h"
 #include "passes/ssr.h"
+#include "passes/fxaa.h"
 #include "passes/transparent.h"
 #include "passes/tonemap.h"
 #include "passes/shadow.h"
@@ -35,6 +36,11 @@ void RenderPassManager::init(EngineContext *context)
     ssrPass->init(context);
     addPass(std::move(ssrPass));
 
+    // Post-process AA (FXAA-like) after tonemapping.
+    auto fxaaPass = std::make_unique<FxaaPass>();
+    fxaaPass->init(context);
+    addPass(std::move(fxaaPass));
+
     auto transparentPass = std::make_unique<TransparentPass>();
     transparentPass->init(context);
     addPass(std::move(transparentPass));